unit+one_terms+and+vocab


 * Unit One PhilosophyTerms**

Each unit that we study will contain some key **conceptual vocabulary**--the words that we will use as we discuss the essential question at hand. Our essential question for unit one takes us into the realms of **philosophy and morality**.

We will use define, explore, and apply our understanding of these concepts in our class discussions as well as in the reflective and formal writing that we do.

(GA) > ===== (scs) =====
 * Unit One Terms from Personal Philosophy Quiz**
 * **Justice** is the quality of being fair and reasonable; meaning people want to be treated fair and they are treated the way they treat others, being deserving of their actions.
 * **Justice**follows the principles of "an eye for an eye". What you do to others is right to be done to you by them, both good and bad. BC
 * ===== All individuals should be treated equally and fairly with no prejudice. "Equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally."- Aristotle. =====


 * **Divine Command**theory holds that morality is all about doing God’s will. God, divine command theorists hold, has issued certain commands to his creatures. We can find these commands in the Bible, or by asking religious authorities, or perhaps even just by consulting our moral intuition. We ought to obey these commands; that’s all there is to ethics.[[image:Divine_Command_Theory_and_Euthyphro_Part_8.jpg]](GA)
 * The Divine Command is the belief or theory that all morality is dependent on the will God. Divine Command Theory
 * (GO)


 * **Utilitarianism**
 * Is the idea that the right action to take in any situation is the one that produces the greatest good in the outcome. Which is usually the one with the least amount of consequences. (PR)
 * [[image:http://www.phil.cmu.edu/Cavalier/80130/part1/sect4/images/Bentham.gif]](DS)
 * Balances pleasure with pain and good with evil. Whatever has the best outcome for the greatest amount is the correct decision. (DS)
 * The moral outcome of a action determines the consequence, and the consequence is the deciding factor if the action should be performed. (EZ)
 * [[image:http://www.thadguy.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/utilitarianism.png]](EZ)
 * The moral outcome of a action determines the consequence, and the consequence is the deciding factor if the action should be performed. (EZ)
 * [[image:http://www.thadguy.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/utilitarianism.png]](EZ)
 * The moral outcome of a action determines the consequence, and the consequence is the deciding factor if the action should be performed. (EZ)
 * [[image:http://www.thadguy.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/utilitarianism.png]](EZ)

(DS) (AH)
 * **Existentialism**
 * **the idea that since we are ultimatly alone we have control and freedom over our internal nature. the reason for our value can only be internal.**
 * The idea that only you as a person can give your life meaning. Nobody else can give your life meaning, or discribe your purpose in life. [[image:http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQwHieNXSdFSnai6tUyUN4h2kgxXjzq8EeoaMXN3Gj7WE2HkGPr]](DF)


 * **Nihilism**
 * The rejection of morality or the celebrating of meaningless things. Also sometimes considered the belief that there is nothing good in the world. (PR)
 * [[image:http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/rjo0245l.jpg width="156" height="200" caption="(PR)"]](PR)


 * **Justice**
 * follows the principles of "an eye for an eye". What you do to others is right to be done to you by them, both good and bad. BC
 * ===== All individuals should be treated equally and fairly with no prejudice. "Equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally."- Aristotle. [[image:Justice.jpg width="82" height="66"]] (scs) =====

Kantianism Kant, unlike Mill, believed that certain types of actions (including murder, theft, and lying) were absolutely prohibited, even in cases where the action would bring about more happiness than the alternative. For Kantians, there are two questions that we must ask ourselves whenever we decide to act: (i) Can I rationally will that //everyone// act as I propose to act? If the answer is no, then we must not perform the action. (ii) Does my action respect the goals of human beings rather than merely using them for my own purposes? Again, if the answer is no, then we must not perform the action. (Kant believed that these questions were equivalent). []
 * **Kantianism**


 * Ethical rules should never be broken
 * argued that reason dictates that certain rules hold without exception. For example, lying.


 * "'Thou shalt not lie,' does hold only for men, as if other rational beings had no need to abide by it, and so with all other moral laws properly so called...the grounds of moral obligation must therefore be sought not in the nature of man nor in the circumstances of the world in which man is placed, but must be sought a priori solely in the concepts of pure reason." Kant, //Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals// (1785)
 * "The obligation to do our duty is unconditional. That is, we must do it for the sake of duty, because it is the right thing to do, not because it will profit us psychologically, or economically, not because if we don’t do it and get caught we’ll be punished. The categorical imperative was Kant’s name for this inbred, self-imposed restraint, for the command of conscience within that tells us that the only true moral act is done from a pure sense of duty.” Admiral Stockdale quotation


 * Commitment to stay the course regardless of consequences
 * .
 * .
 * .
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 * The concepts of Kantianism are based almost entirely off of actions and duties rather than decisions and independence. It is judged by choosing weather the moral weight is worth the action that someone is performing.
 * [[image:http://clinvestments.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/the-moral-hazard-dilemma1.jpg]]

> **(DF)** > Devotion to the pursuit of pleasure > (AJ)
 * **Hedonism**
 * Comes from the Greek word of delight. The focus that pleasures is above everything else.[[image:http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTojBi6B1PQu1AqSqm19-GNUjKI0oPr58SJ8iK03nnFAAlKfAMq]]
 * **Enjoying the pleasures of everyday life, living for the moment and not worried for what tomorrow brings(PA)**
 * [[image:http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSTaCp19IiMBgMI3UY9P_YXzCXvFbRPRXnVB3eq4SESckKRc0TTbw width="182" height="95"]](PA)
 * [[image:http://sherhaps.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/hedonism_bot.jpg]](AJ)

> (GO
 * **Egoism**
 * The belief of only caring about ones self and their own welfare. Living life to your full potential with no interest in others well being. (scs)
 * **The belief or theory that one needs to focus on themselves to become the best person alone.** **Egoism Video**


 * **Apathy**
 * **An individual who has no concern about emotion, spiritual, or physical life. Living life without motivation, excitement, or #|passion (PA)**
 * [[image:http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_XZi0UOK96Ug/TTnVC9BWWBI/AAAAAAAADtc/NONdfQOSg_E/s1600/Apathy+ignorance_apathy.gif width="309" height="193"]](PA)
 * [[image:http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/cza0543l.jpg]](AJ)
 * A lack of emotion; unconcern; lacking interest
 * Purposefully disengaging yourself from an event, subject, or action due to lack of interest or willingness to put forth effort. [[image:http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/twi/lowres/twin390l.jpg]] BC


 * **Divine Command**
 * **a claim that morality is ultimatly based on God's character and or commands, also that the only morally right action is the one God commands. (AG)**